Table 1

Formal Leadership Role, and

Source of Power and Authority

Organizational Service Nature

Members, boards of directors

State statue and case law

Part time volunteers.

Corporate by laws

modest commitment

General for profit corporate practice

General for nonprofit corporate practice

Unwritten board chair precedent, practice

Chairperson, board of directors

Corparate bylaws

Part time volunteer

General for profit corporatefinance

heavy commitment

General for nonprofit corporatefinance

Unwritten board chair precedent,practice

Executive director

Corporate bylaws(in some cases)

Career path employee

Employment agreement, formal\informal

General corporate practice

Symphony industry practice\precedent

Staff supervisors

Executive director delegation formal\informal

Regular employees

Organizational policy, written\unwritten

Music director

Personal services agreement

Career path independent contractor

Musicians` collective bargaining agreement

(term service)

Long tradition and myth

Unwritten music director precedent\practice

Guest conductor

Personal services agreement

Career path independent contractor

Collective bargaining agreemnet

(episodic service)

Long tradition and myth

Organizational policy, written\unwritten

Members orchestra committee

Orchestra bylaws

Tenured musician employees

Collective bargaining agreement

part time volunteers

AFM local rules\precedent\practice

Union Conference policy\advice

Unwritten orchestra committee precedent\practice

Chairs, orchestra committee

Orchestra bylaws

Tenured musician employee,

Collective bargaining agreement

part time volunteer.

Unwritten orchestra committee chair precedent\practice

heavy commitment

Section principals

Personal services agreement

Tenured musician employees

Long tradition

Unwritten orchestra precedent\practice

Unwritten section precedent\practice

Personnel manager

Collective bargaining agreement

Orchestra of staff employee.

Industry practice\precedent

contract administrator

Symphony organizational policy\precedent \practice